John Brown portrait

Portrait of John Brown, an abolitionist who led a failed raid on the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia). He had hoped to seize munitions and weapons there to start and supply an uprising of enslaved people against their enslavers. He was captured, convicted of treason, and hanged for his actions.

Public Domain

Library of Congress

Lawrence, Martin M. and Black & Batchelder. John Brown. circa December 12, 1859. Photograph. Library of Congress. Accessed February 20, 2026.